Brinase

ATC code A14: Lambobin ATC A14 Magungunan Anabolic don amfani da tsarin ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Kayan Kiwan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Rukunin ƙungiya A14 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A15: Lambar ATC A15 Abincin mai kara kuzari wani rukuni ne na warkewa na Tsarin Rarraba Kayan Kimiyyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin adadi wadanda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kirkira don rabe-raben magunguna da sauran kayan kiwon lafiya. Gungiyoyin A15 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A16: Lambar ATC A16 Sauran kayan abinci da kayan ƙarancin abinci ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Kiwon Lafiyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin A16 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A16: Lambar ATC A16 Sauran kayan abinci da kayan ƙarancin abinci ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Kiwon Lafiyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin A16 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A16: Lambar ATC A16 Sauran kayan abinci da kayan ƙarancin abinci ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Kiwon Lafiyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin A16 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Carnitine: Carnitine wani yanki ne na ammonium wanda yake da alaka da metabolism a cikin mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, shuke-shuke, da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin tallafi na samar da kuzari, carnitine yana jigilar dogayen sarkar mai mai yawa zuwa cikin mitochondria don a sanyayashi don samar da kuzari, kuma yana shiga cikin cire samfuran metabolism daga sel. Idan aka bashi mahimmancin aikinsa na rayuwa, carnitine yana mai da hankali ne a cikin kyallen takarda kamar ƙashi da tsoka mai aiki da zuciya wanda ke amsar mai a matsayin tushen makamashi. Lafiyayyun mutane, gami da masu cin ganyayyaki masu ƙarfi, hada ƙarancin L-carnitine a cikin vivo don basa buƙatar kari.
S-Adenosyl methionine: S -Adenosyl methionine ( SAM-e ) ƙaddara ce ta yau da kullun da ke cikin sauye-sauyen ƙungiyar methyl, transsulfuration, da aminopropylation. Kodayake waɗannan halayen anabolic suna faruwa a cikin jiki duka, yawancin SAM-e ana samarwa kuma ana cinyewa a cikin hanta. Fiye da canja wurin methyl 40 daga SAM-e sanannu ne, zuwa nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban kamar su nucleic acid, protein, lipids da metabolites na biyu. Anyi shi ne daga adenosine triphosphate (ATP) da methionine ta methionine adenosyltransferase. Giulio Cantoni ne ya fara gano SAM-e a cikin 1952.
Glutamine: Glutamine wani α-amino acid ne wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin kwayar halittar sunadarai. Sarkar layinta tayi kama da ta glutamic acid, sai dai an maye gurbin ƙungiyar carboxylic acid da amide. An rarraba shi azaman mai cajin-cajin, amino acid na polar. Ba shi da mahimmanci kuma yana da mahimmancin yanayi a cikin mutane, ma'ana jiki yakan iya hada isasshen adadinsa, amma a wasu yanayi na damuwa, buƙatun jiki na yawan kwayar yana ƙaruwa, kuma dole ne a samu glutamine daga abincin. An tsara shi ta lambar code CAA da CAG.
Cysteamine: Cysteamine wani sinadari ne wanda za'a iya hada shi dashi a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da mutane, ta hanyar lalacewar coenzyme A. Matsakaicin pantetheine ya kasu cikin cysteamine da pantothenic acid. Yana da ƙirar biosynthetic zuwa neurotransmitter hypotaurine.
Carglumic acid: Carglumic acid , wanda aka sayar a ƙarƙashin sunan suna Carbaglu da sauransu, ana amfani dashi don maganin hyperammonaemia.
Trimethylglycine: Trimethylglycine ( TMG ) amino acid ne wanda ya samo asali daga shuke-shuke. Trimethylglycine shine farkon betaine da aka gano; asali ana kiransa da suna betaine kawai saboda, a cikin ƙarni na 19, an gano shi a cikin ƙwayoyin sukari. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gano wasu betaines da yawa, kuma mafi takamammen sunan glycine betaine ya bambanta wannan.
ATC code A16: Lambar ATC A16 Sauran kayan abinci da kayan ƙarancin abinci ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Kiwon Lafiyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin A16 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Alglucerase: Alglucerase magani ne na maganin cututtukan cututtukan ɗan adam don maganin cutar Gaucher. Hanya ce da aka gyara ta enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase, inda aka daina ƙarshen raƙuman sarƙoƙin oligosaccharide tare da ragowar mannose.
Imiglucerase: Imiglucerase magani ne da ake amfani dashi wajen magance cutar Gaucher.
Alpha-galactosidase: Alpha-galactosidase shine glycoside hydrolase enzyme wanda ke samarda isasshen alpha-galactosyl moieties daga glycolipids da glycoproteins. Glycosidase wani muhimmin aji ne na enzyme wanda ke haifar da yawancin ayyukan haɗari, gami da haɗa glycoproteins da glycolipids, da polysaccharides Musamman, α-GAL yana haifar da cire tashar α-galactose daga oligosaccharides.
Alpha-galactosidase: Alpha-galactosidase shine glycoside hydrolase enzyme wanda ke samarda isasshen alpha-galactosyl moieties daga glycolipids da glycoproteins. Glycosidase wani muhimmin aji ne na enzyme wanda ke haifar da yawancin ayyukan haɗari, gami da haɗa glycoproteins da glycolipids, da polysaccharides Musamman, α-GAL yana haifar da cire tashar α-galactose daga oligosaccharides.
Iduronidase: Iduronidase , wanda aka siyar dashi azaman Aldurazyme , enzyme ne mai suna glycosaminoglycan alpha-L-tsayenohydrolase mai tsari . Wannan enzyme din yana sarrafa hydrolysis na hanyoyin hada alpha-L-iduronosidic a cikin dermatan sulfate.
Sacrosidase: Sacrosidase magani ne da ake amfani dashi don maye gurbin sucrase a cikin mutanen da basu da wannan enzyme. Ana samunsa azaman maganin baka. Cibiyar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da sucraid don maganin ƙarancin ƙarancin maye gurbin wanda ke ɓangare na enarancin Cutar enarfafa-Isomaltase na enasar (CSID). Sucraid yana taimakawa cikin raunin sukari / sucrose cikin sauki. Yawancin amfani ga Sucraid sun haɗa da sauƙi na alamun cututtukan ciki waɗanda ke hade da CSID.
Alglucosidase alfa: Alglucosidase alfa , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Myozyme a tsakanin wasu, magani ne na maye gurbin enzyme (ERT) marayu don maganin cutar Pompe, cuta mai saurin adana lysosomal (LSD). rashi ga marasa lafiyar da cutar Pompe ta shafa, alpha-glucosidase. Shine magani na farko da ake samu don magance wannan cuta.
Arylsulfatase B: Arylsulfatase B enzyme ne wanda ke hade da mucopolysaccharidosis VI.
Idursulfase: Idursulfase , wanda kamfanin Shire ya kirkira, magani ne da ake amfani dashi don magance cututtukan Hunter. Tsarkakakkiyar siga ce ta iduronate-2-sulfatase ta lysosomal enzyme kuma ana samar da ita ta hanyar fasahar DNA a cikin layin kwayar mutum.
Velaglucerase alfa: Velaglucerase alfa , wanda aka siyar dashi a ƙarƙashin sunan Vpriv kuma aka ƙera shi da shi Shire plc, shine kwayar kwayar halitta ta musamman mai suna hydrolytic glucocerebroside-takamaimai, wacce ita ce hanyar recombinant ta glucocerebrosidase da aka nuna azaman maye gurbin enzyme na dogon lokaci ga waɗanda ke fama da cutar Gaucher Type 1. It yana da jerin amino acid iri daya zuwa enzyme wanda yake faruwa a dabi'ance. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da amfani da shi a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2010.
Taliglucerase alfa: Taliglucerase alfa , wanda aka sayar a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Elelyso da sauransu, magani ne na biopharmaceutical da Protalix da Pfizer suka haɓaka. Magungunan, wanda aka sake amfani dashi don magance cutar Gaucher, shine farkon masana'antar samar da magani don samun amincewar Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA). n Kowane kwalba yana da raka'a 200 na taliglucerase alfa.
ATC code A16: Lambar ATC A16 Sauran kayan abinci da kayan ƙarancin abinci ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Kiwon Lafiyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin A16 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Lipoic acid: Lipoic acid ( LA ), wanda aka fi sani da α-lipoic acid , alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) da thioctic acid , haɗuwa ce ta organosulfur wacce ta samo asali daga sinadarin caprylic. Ana yin ALA a cikin dabbobi koyaushe, kuma yana da mahimmanci don maganin kumburi. Hakanan ana kera shi kuma ana samun shi azaman abincin abincin a wasu ƙasashe inda ake siyar dashi azaman antioxidant, kuma ana samun sa azaman magani na magunguna a wasu ƙasashe.
Anethole trithione: Anethole trithione , anetholtrithione , ko anetholtrithion (JAN) magani ne da ake amfani dashi wurin magance bushewar baki. An jera shi a cikin Damus na Sharuɗɗan Cancer na Nationalungiyar Ciwon cerasa ta asasa ta Amurka kamar yadda ake nazarinsa a cikin maganin cutar kansa. Anethole trithione fili ne na organosulfur, musamman, wanda ya samo asali daga dithiole-thione.
Sodium phenylbutyrate: Sodium phenylbutyrate shine gishirin acid mai ƙanshi, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) ko 4-phenylbutyric acid. Ana amfani da mahaɗin don magance rikicewar zagayen urea, saboda masu amfani da shi suna ba da wata hanya madaidaiciya zuwa zagaye na urea don ba da izinin fitar da nitrogen mai yawa. Magunguna marayu ne, da Ucyclyd Pharma ke tallatawa ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Buphenyl, na Swedishasashen Sweden Orphan International (Sweden) a matsayin Ammonaps, aby Fyrlklövern Scandinavia a matsayin triButyrate da na Scandinavian Formulas, Inc ..
Nitisinone: Nitisinone , ana siyar dashi a ƙarƙashin sunan Orfadin da sauransu, magani ne da ake amfani dashi don rage tasirin nau'in 1 (HT-1).
Zinc acetate: Zinc acetate shine gishiri tare da dabara mai suna Zn (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 , wanda yawanci yakan faru kamar Zn (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 · 2H 2 O. Dukansu hydrate da kuma anhydrous siffofin suna da mara laushi marasa ƙarfi waɗanda aka yi amfani dasu a matsayin abincin abincin. Zinc acetates an shirya su ta hanyar aikin acetic acid akan zinc carbonate ko zinc karfe. Lokacin amfani dashi azaman ƙari na abinci, yana da lambar E E650.
Miglustat: Miglustat , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan Zavesca , magani ne da ake amfani dashi don magance nau'in I Gaucher (GD1). Oxford GlycoSciences ne ya haɓaka shi kuma Actelion ke tallatawa.
Tetrahydrobiopterin: Tetrahydrobiopterin ( BH 4 , THB ), wanda aka fi sani da sapropterin (INN), shine mai haɗin gwanon amino acid hydroxylase enzymes guda uku, wanda aka yi amfani dashi wajen lalata amino acid phenylalanine kuma a cikin biosynthesis na serotonin neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryamine, -HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), kuma shine cofactor don samar da nitric oxide (NO) ta hanyar hada sinadarin nitric. A kimiyyance, tsarinta shine na (dihydropteridine reductase) rage ƙarancin pteridine (Quinonoid dihydrobiopterin).
Teduglutide: Teduglutide wani nau'in polypeptide ne mai membobi 33 kuma analog analo -kamar peptide-2 (GLP-2) ana amfani dashi don maganin cututtukan hanji. Yana aiki ta haɓaka haɓakar mucosal da yiwuwar dawo da ɓoye ciki da ɓoyewa. A Turai an ba shi matsayin magungunan maraya kuma ana tallata shi a ƙarƙashin alamar Revestive ta Nycomed. Amurka ta amince da shi a karkashin sunan Gattex a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2012 kuma shi ma maraya magani ne a can.
Glycerol phenylbutyrate: Glycerol phenylbutyrate (USAN), sunan kasuwanci Ravicti , magani ne da ake amfani dashi wajen magance wasu cututtukan urea da ke ciki. Magungunan yana aiki ta hana haɓakar ammoniya a cikin jiki. Yana da likitancin likita wanda aka yarda dashi a cikin Amurka a Amurka. An yarda da shi ga duk wanda ya wuce watanni 2 da haihuwa. Kamfanin Hyperion Therapeutics ne ya kirkireshi bisa magungunan da ake dasu yanzu Buphenyl, kuma sun sami amincewa a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2013. An caccaki Hyperion saboda saita tsada ga maganin. Farashin an saita shi zuwa US $ 250,000-290,000. A cikin 2014, maganin ya samar da dala miliyan 30.8 a cikin tallace-tallace na tallace-tallace, nesa da tsofaffin kuma mafi ƙarancin Buphenyl. A watan Maris na 2015, Horizon Pharma ya sami Hyperion Therapeutics kuma ta haka Raviciti.
ATC code A16: Lambar ATC A16 Sauran kayan abinci da kayan ƙarancin abinci ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Kiwon Lafiyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin A16 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A16: Lambar ATC A16 Sauran kayan abinci da kayan ƙarancin abinci ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Kiwon Lafiyar Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin A16 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Propylene glycol: Propylene glycol (sunan IUPAC: propane-1,2-diol ) ruwa ne mai tsinkaye, mara launi, wanda kusan ba shi da kamshi amma yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. Tsarin sunadarai shine CH 3 CH (OH) CH 2 OH. n Yana dauke da kungiyoyin barasa guda biyu, ana yin shi a matsayin diol. Yana da matsala tare da kewayon abubuwa masu yawa, gami da ruwa, acetone, da chloroform. Gabaɗaya, glycols ba sa fushi kuma suna da rauni sosai.
Sodium propionate: Sodium propanoate ko sodium propionate shine gishirin sodium na propionic acid wanda ke da tsarin sunadarai Na (C 2 H 5 COO). Wannan farin farin lu'ulu'un yana da kyau a cikin iska mai danshi.
Glycerol: Glycerol ne mai sauki polyol fili. Ba shi da launi, mara ƙamshi, ruwa mai tsami wanda yake da ɗanɗano mai daɗi kuma ba mai guba ba. Ana samun ƙashin bayan glycerol a cikin waɗancan lipids ɗin da aka sani da glycerides. Saboda samun cututtukan antimicrobial da antiviral ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin FDA ta yarda da rauni da ƙonawa. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman alama mai tasiri don auna cutar hanta. Hakanan ana amfani dashi ko'ina azaman mai zaki a masana'antar abinci kuma a matsayin mai tawali'u a cikin hanyoyin hada magunguna. Saboda kasancewar ƙungiyoyi uku na hydroxyl, glycerol ba shi da matsala tare da ruwa kuma yana da ƙyamar halitta a cikin yanayi.
Ammonium lactate: Ammonium lactate mahadi ne tare da dabara NH 4 (C 2 H 4 (OH) COO). Shine gishirin ammonium na lactic acid. Yana da kyawawan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Monensin: Monensin shine maganin rigakafin polyether wanda aka keɓe daga Streptomyces cinnamonensis . Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin abincin dabbobi.
ATC code B: Lambar ATC B organsannin jini da na jikin jini wani ɓangare ne na Tsarin Classa'idar Magungunan Anatomical Therapeutic, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda byungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta haɓaka don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita.
ATC code B01: Lambobin ATC lambar B01 Antithrombotic ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Kayan Kiwan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyar B01 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical B J jini da gabobin da ke samar da jini .
ATC code B01: Lambobin ATC lambar B01 Antithrombotic ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Kayan Kiwan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyar B01 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical B J jini da gabobin da ke samar da jini .
ATC code B01: Lambobin ATC lambar B01 Antithrombotic ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Kayan Kiwan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyar B01 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical B J jini da gabobin da ke samar da jini .
Dicoumarol: Dicoumarol (INN) ko dicumarol (USAN) magani ne mai rikitarwa wanda yake lalata shagunan bitamin K. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin gwajin biochemical a matsayin mai hana ragin.
Phenindione: Phenindione shine mai hana yaduwar cutar wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai adawa da Vitamin K.
Warfarin: Warfarin , da aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan Coumadin da sauransu, magani ne da ake amfani da shi azaman maganin ƙwayar cuta. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don magance daskarewar jini irin su thrombosis mai zurfin ciki da embolism na huhu, da kuma hana shanyewar jiki a cikin mutanen da ke da fibrillation na atrial, cututtukan zuciya na zuciya ko bawul na zuciya. Kadan ake amfani da shi bayan bin haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki (STEMI) da aikin tiyata. Gabaɗaya ana ɗauka ta baki, amma kuma ana iya amfani da shi ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiya.
Phenprocoumon: Phenprocoumon magani ne mai tsafta wanda ke amfani da kwayar cutar, wanda ke haifar da coumarin. Yana da antagonist na bitamin K wanda ke hana coagulation ta hanyar hana kira na abubuwan coagulation II, VII, IX da X. Ana amfani dashi don maganin rigakafi da maganin cututtukan thromboembolic. Shine madaidaicin coumarin da ake amfani da shi a cikin Jamus.
Acenocoumarol: Acenocoumarol wani maganin hana daukar ciki ne wanda ke aiki kamar antagonist na bitamin K. Abunda ake samu na coumarin kuma yana da mahimmanci, don haka ana tallatawa a ƙarƙashin yawancin sunaye a duniya.
Ethyl biscoumacetate: Ethyl biscoumacetate dan adawar bitamin ne.
Clorindione: Clorindione abokin adawar bitamin ne. Abunda ya samo asali ne daga phenindione.
Diphenadione: Diphenadione abokin adawar bitamin K ne wanda ke da tasirin cutar ta hanyar amfani da kwayar cutar kuma ana amfani da shi azaman kashe kwari a kan beraye, beraye, voles, kuran ƙasa da sauran beraye. Chemicalungiyar sunadarai anti-coagulant ce tare da rabin rai mai aiki fiye da warfarin da sauran magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa amfani.
Tioclomarol: Tioclomarol shine mai maganin ƙwayar cuta na nau'in 4-hydroxycoumarin na bitamin K. Magunguna ne na ƙarni na biyu, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman maganin ɓarke ​​wanda yake da tasiri don kula da berayen da ke juriya ga wannan rukunin magungunan.
Fluindione: Fluindione abokin adawar bitamin ne.
ATC code B01: Lambobin ATC lambar B01 Antithrombotic ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Kayan Kiwan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyar B01 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical B J jini da gabobin da ke samar da jini .
Heparin: Heparin , wanda aka fi sani da heparin mara shinge ( UFH ), magani ne kuma yana faruwa sau da yawa glycosaminoglycan. A matsayin magani ana amfani dashi azaman maganin hana yaduwar jini. Musamman ana amfani dashi don maganin cututtukan zuciya da rashin kwanciyar hankali. Ana bayar da shi ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiya ko a ƙarƙashin fata. Sauran amfani sun hada da cikin bututun gwajin da injin wankin koda.
Antithrombin: Antithrombin (AT) ƙaramin kwayar sunadaran ne wanda ke kashe enzymes da yawa daga cikin tsarin coagulation. Antithrombin shine glycoprotein da hanta ya samar kuma ya kunshi amino acid 432. Ya ƙunshi shaidu uku na disulfide da kuma cikakkun rukunoni huɗu masu yiwuwa na glycosylation. α-Antithrombin shine babban nau'i na antithrombin da aka samo a cikin jini kuma yana da oligosaccharide wanda ke mamaye kowane rukunin glycosylation ɗinsa huɗu. Glyaya daga cikin rukunin glycosylation ya kasance yana kasancewa mara kasancewa a cikin ƙaramin nau'in antithrombin, β-antithrombin. Ayyukansa suna ƙaruwa da yawa ta hanyar maganin hawan jini, wanda ke haɓaka ɗaurin antithrombin zuwa factor IIa (Thrombin) da factor Xa.
Dalteparin sodium: Dalteparin yana da ƙananan ƙwayar heparin. An sayar dashi kamar Fragmin . Kamar sauran nau'ikan heparins masu nauyin nauyi, ana amfani da dalteparin don yin maganin rigakafin cutar ko kuma maganin babban jijiyoyin jiki da kuma huhu na huhu don rage haɗarin bugun jini ko bugun zuciya. Dalteparin yana aiki ta hanyar ƙarfin aikin antithrombin III, yana hana samuwar duka Factor Xa da thrombin. Ana yin shi ta al'ada ta hanyar allurar kai.
Enoxaparin sodium: Enoxaparin sodium magani ne mai hana yaduwar jini. Ana amfani dashi don magance da hana ƙwanƙwasa mai zurfin jijiyoyin jini (DVT) da huhu na huhu (PE) gami da lokacin ciki da kuma bin wasu nau'ikan tiyata. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin waɗanda ke da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya (ACS) da ciwon zuciya. Ana ba shi ta allura ne kawai a ƙarƙashin fata ko cikin jijiya. Hakanan ana amfani dashi yayin hemodialysis.
Nadroparin calcium: Nadroparin wani maganin hana yaduwa ne na wani rukunin magungunan da ake kira ƙananan kwayoyin heparins (LMWHs). Sanofi-Synthélabo ne ya haɓaka Nadroparin.
Parnaparin sodium: Parnaparin antithrombotic ne kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin heparins masu nauyin nauyi. A cikin rigakafi da maganin cututtukan cututtukan thromboembolic, zuwan wannan rukunin magungunan ya wakilci ci gaban likita, tun da suna riƙe da irin tasirin tasirin heparin da ba a raba shi ba amma tare da sauƙaƙan ƙwayoyin dosing da rage sakamako masu illa. Bugu da ƙari da yin tasiri a cikin maganin cututtukan da ke tattare da jijiyoyin jini da alaƙa da phlebopathies, Parnaparin ya nuna ingancin thromboprophylactic a cikin maɗaukakiyar mai fama da haɗari.
Reviparin sodium: Reviparin antithrombotic ne kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin heparins masu nauyi (LMWH).
Danaparoid: Danaparoid sodium (Orgaran) yana da maganin rigakafi tare da aikin antithrombotic saboda hana ƙarni na thrombin (TGI) ta hanyoyi guda biyu: rashin aiki na kai tsaye na Factor Xa ta hanyar AT da kuma hana kai tsaye na kunna thrombin na Factor IX. Hakanan yana da ƙaramin aikin anti-thrombin, wanda aka daidaita tsakani ta hanyar AT da Heparin Co-factor II wanda ke samar da rabo daga ayyukan anti-Xa: IIa> 22. [Meuleman DG. Haemostasis 1992; 22: 58-65 da Ofosu FA Haemostasis 1992; 22: 66-72]
Tinzaparin sodium: Tinzaparin magani ne na antithrombotic a cikin ƙungiyar heparin. Yana da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (LMWH) wacce aka tallata kamar Innohep a duk duniya. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da shi sau ɗaya magani na yau da kullun da kuma maganin ciwan jini mai ƙarfi (DVT) da embolism embolism (PE).
Sulodexide: Sulodexide , wanda aka siya a matsayin Aterina , cakuda mai tsarkakakke na glycosaminoglycans wanda aka hada shi da ƙananan ƙwayar heparin (80%) da dermatan sulfate (20%).
Bemiparin sodium: Bemiparin antithrombotic ne kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin heparins masu nauyi (LMWH).
ATC code B01: Lambobin ATC lambar B01 Antithrombotic ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Kayan Kiwan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyar B01 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical B J jini da gabobin da ke samar da jini .
Ditazole: Ditazole wakili ne mai kare cututtukan cututtukan steroidal tare da maganin analgesic da antipyretic mai kama da phenylbutazone. Har ila yau, mai hana yaduwar platelet wanda aka sayar dashi a Spain da Portugal ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Ageroplas .
Cloricromen: Cloricromen mai hana yaduwar platelet ne.
Picotamide: Picotamide shine mai hana yaduwar platelet. Yana aiki a matsayin mai hana yaduwar maganin thromboxane da mai hanawa mai karba, na karshen ta hanyar sauya martanin salula don kunna mai karbar maganin. An lasisi Picotamide a cikin Italiya don maganin cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.
Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan Plavix da sauransu, magani ne na maganin hana yaduwar cuta da ake amfani dashi don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini a cikin waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin gaske. Hakanan ana amfani dashi tare da asfirin a bugun zuciya da kuma sanya jarin jijiyoyin jini. Ana ɗauka ta baki. Farawar sakamako yana kusan awa biyu kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki biyar.
Ticlopidine: Ticlopidine magani ne na antiplatelet a cikin gidan thienopyridine wanda shine mai hana mai karɓar adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Bincike da farko ya nuna cewa yana da amfani don hana shanyewar jiki da kuma ɓacin rai. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin tasirinsa mai tsanani amma mai wahala na neutropenia da thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura an yi amfani da shi da farko ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba a jurewa da aspirin a cikinsu, ko kuma a cikin waɗanda magungunan biyun na antiplatelet ya kasance kyawawa. Tare da bayyanar sababbin magunguna masu aminci irin su clopidogrel da ticagrelor, har yanzu ana iyakance amfani dashi.
Aspirin: Asfirin , wanda aka fi sani da acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ), magani ne da ake amfani dashi don rage zafi, zazzabi, ko kumburi. Yanayi na musamman wanda ake amfani da asfirin don magance shi sun haɗa da cutar Kawasaki, pericarditis, da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi.
Dipyridamole: Dipyridamole shine mai hana jigilar jigilar kwayar halitta da kuma PDE3 mai hana magunguna wanda ke hana samuwar daskarewar jini lokacin da aka bashi akai-akai kuma yana haifar da fadada jijiyoyin jini lokacin da aka basu a manyan allurai cikin kankanin lokaci.
Carbasalate calcium: Carbasalate calcium allurai , antipyretic, da anti-mai kumburi magani, kazalika da platelet tarawa hanawa. Chelate ne na alli acetylsalicylate da urea.
Prostacyclin: Prostacyclin (wanda kuma ake kira prostaglandin I2 ko PGI 2 ) memba ne na prostaglandin na eicosanoid dangin kwayoyin lipid. Yana hana kunna platelet kuma shima vasodilator ne mai tasiri.
Indobufen: Indobufen mai hana yaduwar platelet ne. Yana aiki azaman mai hanawa na cyclooxygenase.
Iloprost: Iloprost magani ne da ake amfani dashi don magance hauhawar jini na huhu (PAH), scleroderma, alamarin Raynaud da sauran cututtukan da jijiyoyin jini ke matsewa kuma jini ba zai iya guduwa zuwa kyallen takarda ba. Wannan yana lalata kyallen takarda kuma yana haifar da hawan jini. Akwai ci gaba da bincike game da amfani da shi azaman maganin sanyi. Iloprost yana aiki ta buɗe (faɗaɗa) jijiyoyin jini don ba da damar jini ya sake gudana ta sake. Kamfanin harhada magunguna na Schering AG ne ya kirkireshi kuma kamfanin Bayer Schering Pharma AG ne ke tallata shi a Turai da kuma Actelion Pharmaceuticals a Amurka.
Abciximab: Abciximab , antagonist mai karɓa na glycoprotein IIb / IIIa wanda aka kirkira ta Janssen Biologics BV kuma Eli Lilly ya rarraba shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci ReoPro , shine mai hana yaduwar platelet yawanci ana amfani dashi yayin da kuma bayan hanyoyin jijiyoyin jini kamar angioplasty don hana platelets daga haɗuwa tare da haifar da thrombus samuwar a cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini Yana da mai hana glycoprotein IIb / IIIa.
Aloxiprin: Aloxiprin magani ne na likitanci da ake amfani dashi don maganin ciwo da kumburi wanda yake da alaƙa da kwarangwal da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Eptifibatide: Eptifibatide , magani ne na antiplatelet na ajin masu hana glycoprotein IIb / IIIa. Eptifibatide shine heptapeptide na cyclic wanda aka samo daga furotin disintegrin da aka samo a cikin dafin kudu maso gabashin pygmy rattlesnake. Yana daga cikin nau'ikan arginin-glycin-aspartat-mimetics kuma akasin haka yana ɗaure da platelet. Eptifibatide yana da ɗan gajeren rabi. Magungunan shine mai hanawa na uku na GPIIb / IIIa wanda ya sami karɓuwa mai yawa bayan takamaiman anti abciximab da ƙananan pefide tirofiban sun shiga kasuwar duniya.
Tirofiban: Tirofiban , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan suna Aggrastat , magani ne na maganin hana ɗaukar ciki . Yana daga cikin nau'ikan maganin rigakafi masu suna glycoprotein IIb / IIIa masu hanawa. Tirofiban karamin ɗan kwaya ne mai hana hulɗar sunadaran gina jiki tsakanin fibrinogen da platelet integrin receptor GP IIb / IIIa kuma shine ɗan takarar magani na farko wanda za'a iya gano asalinsa zuwa jagorar binciken kwastomomi mai tushen pharmacophore.
Triflusal: Triflusal shine mai hana yaduwar platelet wanda aka gano kuma aka inganta shi a cikin Uriach Laboratories, kuma aka tallata shi a Spain tun shekara ta 1981. A halin yanzu, ana samun sa a cikin ƙasashe 25 na Turai, Asiya, Afirka da Amurka. Abun ya samo asali ne daga acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) wanda aka maye gurbin atomatik hydrogen akan zoben benzene da ƙungiyar trifluromethyl. Sunayen kasuwanci sun hada da Disgren , Grendis , Aflen da Triflux .
Beraprost: Beraprost magani ne na magunguna da ake amfani dashi a ƙasashen Asiya da yawa, gami da Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, a matsayin mai maganin vasodilator da antiplatelet. An rarraba shi azaman analog na prostacyclin.
Treprostinil: Treprostinil , an siyar dashi a ƙarƙashin sunayen Remodulin don jiko, Orenitram na baka, da Tyvaso don shaƙar iska, vasodilator ne wanda ake amfani dashi don maganin hauhawar jini na huhu. Treprostinil analog ne na roba na prostacyclin (PGI 2 ).
Prasugrel: Prasugrel , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan suna Effient a Amurka, Ostiraliya da Indiya, da Efient a cikin EU) magani ne da ake amfani dashi don hana samuwar daskarewar jini. Yana da mai hana farantin platelet da mai adawa da ba za a iya sakewa na masu karɓar P2Y 12 ADP ba kuma yana daga ajin magungunan ƙwayoyi na thienopyridine. Kamfanin Daiichi Sankyo Co. ne ya kirkireshi kuma kamfanin Ube ya samar dashi kuma aka sayar dashi a Amurka tare da haɗin gwiwar Eli Lilly da Kamfanin.
Cilostazol: Cilostazol , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan Pletal tare da wasu, magani ne da ake amfani dashi don taimakawa alamun bayyanar rashin daidaito a cikin cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki. Idan ba a ga ci gaba ba bayan watanni 3, dakatar da shan magani yana da ma'ana. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don hana bugun jini. Ana ɗauka ta baki.
Ticagrelor: Ticagrelor , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan Brilinta da sauransu, magani ne da ake amfani dashi don rigakafin bugun jini, bugun zuciya da sauran abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin mutane masu fama da cututtukan zuciya, ma'ana matsaloli game da samar da jini a jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Yana aiki azaman mai hana ƙarancin platelet ta hanyar ɓata mai karɓar P2Y 12 . AstraZeneca ne ke samar da maganin.
ATC code B01: Lambobin ATC lambar B01 Antithrombotic ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Kayan Kiwan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyar B01 wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical B J jini da gabobin da ke samar da jini .
Streptokinase: Streptokinase ( SK ) magani ne na thrombolytic da enzyme. A matsayin magani ana amfani dashi don ruguza daskarewa a wasu lokuta na cututtukan zuciya, da huhu na huhu, da jijiyoyin jini. Nau'in bugun zuciya da ake amfani da shi a ciki shi ne haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ta ST (STEMI). Ana bayar da shi ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiya.
Tissue plasminogen activator: Tissue plasminogen activator sunadaran gina jiki ne wanda yake da nasaba da raunin jini. Yana da serine protease da aka samo akan ƙwayoyin endothelial, ƙwayoyin da ke layin jijiyoyin jini. A matsayin enzyme, yana haifar da jujjuyawar plasminogen zuwa plasmin, babban enzyme da ke da alhakin daskarewar jini. TPA na ɗan adam yana da nauyin kwayoyin ~ 70 kDa a cikin sigar sarkar ɗaya.
Anistreplase: Anistreplase magani ne na thrombolytic. Hakanan ana kiranta da lakabin plasminogen streptokinase activator hadadden (APSAC) bayan abubuwanda aka tsara.
Urokinase: Urokinase , wanda aka fi sani da urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( uPA ), serine protease ne da ke cikin mutane da sauran dabbobi. An gano furotin na urokinase na mutum, amma McFarlane da Pilling sun sa shi a cikin 1947. Urokinase asalinsa an keɓe shi ne daga fitsarin ɗan adam, kuma yana nan a cikin jini kuma a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke cikin ƙwayoyin jiki da yawa. Mahimmancin tushen ilimin ilimin jikin mutum na wannan enzyme shine plasminogen, wanda shine nau'in aiki (zymogen) na serine protease plasmin. Amfani da plasmin yana haifar da kashin kariya wanda zai iya dogara da yanayin ilimin lissafi, ya shiga cikin ciwan jini ko lalacewar matrix. Wannan jigon ya shiga cikin cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da ci gaban cutar kansa.
Fibrinolysin: Fibrinolysin enzyme ne wanda aka samo shi daga plasma na asalin bovine (plasmin) ko kuma aka samo shi daga al'adun wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani dashi a cikin gida kawai kuma tare kawai tare da enzyme ahoxyribonuclease. Fibrinolysin da kuma ɓarnawa da sanarwa duka suna aiki azaman enzymes na lytic. Ana samun hadin a matsayin maganin shafawa mai dauke da 1 BU fibrinolysin da kuma 666 BUs ahosibonuclease da gram.
Brinase: Brinase shine ƙwayar fibrinolytic, kuma magani ne na thrombolytic.