Lobeline

Cholinesterase: A cikin kimiyyar biochemistry, cholinesterase ko choline esterase dangin esterases ne wadanda ke lyses esters na tushen choline, da yawa daga cikinsu suna aiki azaman masu aika sakonni. Sabili da haka, ɗayan enzymes ne guda biyu waɗanda ke haifar da haɓakar hydrolysis na waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar fasa acetylcholine cikin choline da acetic acid. Wadannan halayen suna da mahimmanci don bawa neuron cholinergic damar komawa yanayin hutun sa bayan kunnawa. Misali, a cikin raguwar tsoka, acetylcholine a mahaɗar neuromuscular yana haifar da raguwa; amma don tsoka ta sami nutsuwa daga baya, maimakon zama a kulle cikin yanayi mai wahala, acetylcholine dole ne a rusa shi ta hanyar choline esterase. Babban nau'in wannan dalilin shine acetylcholinesterase; ana samunta galibi a cikin synapses na sinadarai da membran membobin jini. Sauran nau'in shine butyrylcholinesterase; ana samun shi galibi a cikin jini.
Prussian blue: Bulu mai launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi mai duhu wanda aka samu ta hanyar iskar shaɗakar gishirin ferrocyanide. Yana da tsarin sunadarai Fe III 4 [Fe II (CN) 6 ] 3 . Shudayen Turnbull shu'urin kamanninsa ne, amma an yi shi ne daga abubuwa daban-daban, kuma launinsa ɗan bambanci kaɗan ya samo asali ne daga kazanta daban-daban.
Glutathione: Glutathione ( GSH ) antioxidant ne a cikin shuke-shuke, dabbobi, fungi, da wasu kwayoyin cuta da archaea. Glutathione yana da ikon hana lalacewar abubuwa masu mahimmanci na salula wanda ya haifar da nau'in oxygen mai haɗari kamar su 'yan iska kyauta, peroxides, lipid peroxides, da nauyi karafa. Yana da nasara tare da haɗin gamma peptide tsakanin ƙungiyar carboxyl na sarkar gefen glutamate da cysteine. Carungiyar carboxyl na ragowar cysteine ​​an haɗe ta hanyar haɗin peptide na al'ada zuwa glycine.
Hydroxocobalamin: Hydroxocobalamin , wanda aka fi sani da bitamin B 12a da hydroxycobalamin , bitamin ne wanda ake samu a cikin abinci kuma ana amfani dashi azaman ƙarin abincin. A matsayin kari ana amfani dashi don magance rashi bitamin B12 gami da cutar ƙarancin jini. Sauran amfani sun hada da magani don cutar cyanide, atrophy na gani na Leber, da amblyopia mai guba. Ana bayar da shi ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiya ko jijiya.
Fomepizole: Fomepizole , wanda aka fi sani da 4-methylpyrazole , magani ne da ake amfani da shi don magance methanol da ethylene glycol guba. Ana iya amfani dashi shi kaɗai ko tare da yin gwajin jini. Ana bayar da shi ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiya.
Sugammadex: Sugammadex , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin suna mai suna Bridion , magani ne don juyawar toshewar neuromuscular wanda rocuronium da vecuronium suka haifar a cikin maganin ɓacin rai gabaɗaya. Shine wakili na farko mai sanyaya rai (SRBA).
Phentolamine: Pentolamine , wanda aka siyar dashi ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Regitine da sauransu, shine mai adawa mara zaɓaɓɓen α-adrenergic.
Atipamezole: Atipamezole (iri sunan Antisedan, kuma akwai a Generic siffofin kamar yadda Revertidine, shi ne wani roba α 2 adrenergic tsoka mai amsa sigina antagonist nuna ga sokewa da magani mai kantad da hankali da kuma analgesic effects na dexmedetomidine da medetomidine a karnuka. Its sokewa sakamako aiki da gasar tare da magani mai kantad da hankali ga α 2 - masu karbar maganin adrenergic da kuma tarwatsa su, galibi ana amfani da shi ne a maganin dabbobi, kuma yayin da yake da lasisi ne kawai na karnuka da kuma amfani da jijiyoyin jini, anyi amfani da shi ta hanyar jini, da kuma a kuliyoyi da sauran dabbobi. illolin illa, yawanci saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙwarewar atipamezole ga mai karɓar adreser α 2. Atipamezole yana da saurin farawa, yawanci yakan farka dabba a tsakanin minti 5 zuwa 10.
Sarmazenil: Sarmazenil ( Ro15-3505 ) magani ne daga dangin benzodiazepine. Yana aiki ne a matsayin mai rikitarwa agonist na masu karɓar benzodiazepine, ma'ana yana haifar da akasin hakan ga mafi yawan kwayoyi na benzodiazepine, kuma a maimakon haka yana aiki ne azaman tashin hankali da damuwa. Ana amfani da shi a likitan dabbobi don kawar da sakamakon magungunan ƙwayoyin benzodiazepine domin sake farkewar dabbobi masu sa maye da sauri.
Diprenorphine: Diprenorphine , wanda aka fi sani da diprenorfin , ba zaɓaɓɓe ba ne, ƙawancen ƙawance , mai rauni mai rauni na μ- (MOR), κ- (KOR), da ptor-opioid receptor (DOR) wanda ke aiki a cikin maganin dabbobi a matsayin mai adawa da opioid. Ana amfani da shi don juya sakamakon tasirin ilimin opioid mai ƙarfi kamar etorphine da carfentanil waɗanda ake amfani da su don kwantar da hankalin manyan dabbobi. Ba a yarda da magani don amfani a cikin mutane ba.
Yohimbine: Yohimbine , wanda aka fi sani da suna quebrachine , alkaloid ne mai ɓarna wanda aka samo shi daga baƙin itacen Afirka Pausinystalia johimbe ; kuma daga bawon itacen Kudancin Amurka wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco . Yohimbine abokin hamayyar alpha-2 ne, kuma an yi amfani dashi a cikin ayyukan bincike daban-daban. Magungunan dabbobi ne da ake amfani da shi don kawar da laulayin cikin karnuka da barewa.
Tolazoline: Tolazoline ba mai zaɓin agon-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Vasodilator ne wanda ake amfani dashi don magance cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Hakanan an yi amfani dashi cikin nasara azaman maganin guba don sake juyawan ƙananan haɗarin vasoconstriction wanda zai iya faruwa sakamakon yawan zafin nama tare da wasu magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na 5-HT 2A kamar 25I-NBOMe, DOB da Bromodragonfly.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Deferoxamine: Deferoxamine ( DFOA ), wanda aka fi sani da desferrioxamine kuma ana siyar dashi a ƙarƙashin sunan Desferal , magani ne da ke ɗaure baƙin ƙarfe da aluminium. Anyi amfani dashi musamman a cikin yawan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, hemochromatosis ko dai saboda ƙarin jini da yawa ko wani yanayin kwayar halitta, da kuma yawan guba na aluminium a cikin mutane akan dialysis. Ana amfani dashi ta allura a cikin tsoka, jijiya, ko ƙarƙashin fata.
Deferiprone: Deferiprone , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Ferriprox da sauransu, magani ne wanda ke sarrafa baƙin ƙarfe kuma ana amfani dashi don magance yawan ƙarfe a thalassaemia major. An fara amincewa da shi kuma an nuna shi don amfani da shi wajen magance cutar thalassaemia a 1994 kuma an ba ta lasisi don amfani a Tarayyar Turai da Asiya na tsawon shekaru yayin jiran yarda a Kanada da Amurka. A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 2011, an amince da amfani da shi a cikin Amurka a ƙarƙashin ingantaccen shirin FDA.
Deferasirox: Deferasirox , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin suna mai suna Exjade tsakanin waɗansu, mai yin baƙin ƙarfe ne na baka. Babban amfani dashi shine rage yawan baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗorewa akan marasa lafiya waɗanda ke karɓar ƙarin jini na dogon lokaci don yanayi kamar beta-thalassaemia da sauran cututtukan anemias. Shine magani na farko na baka wanda aka yarda dashi a Amurka don wannan dalili.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Polystyrene sulfonate: Polystyrene sulfonates rukuni ne na magunguna da ake amfani da su don magance babban jini na potassium. Tasirin gabaɗaya yakan ɗauki awoyi zuwa kwanaki. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don cire potassium, calcium, da sodium daga mafita a aikace-aikacen fasaha.
Sevelamer: Sevelamer (rINN) magani ne mai ɗauke da phosphate wanda ake amfani dashi don magance hyperphosphatemia a cikin marasa lafiya da cutar koda mai tsanani. Lokacin shan shi tare da abinci, yana ɗaure da sinadarin phosphate kuma yana hana shan sa. Sevelamer ne ya ƙirƙira kuma ya inganta ta GelTex Pharmaceuticals. Sanofi yana sayar da Sevelamer a ƙarƙashin alamun suna Renagel da Renvela .
Lanthanum carbonate: Lanthanum carbonate , La 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , shine gishirin da cations na lanthanum (III) suka kirkira kuma anions carbonate. Yana da wani ƙarfe na lanthanum karfe (bastnäsite), tare da monazite.
Calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate: Calcium acetate / magnesium carbonate magani ne mai hade-hade wanda yake dauke da sinadarin 110 mg da kuma ions 60 na magnesium kuma an nuna shi a matsayin mai dauke da sinadarin phosphate ga masu cutar dialysis wadanda ke fama da cutar hyperphosphataemia. Kamfanin Fresenius Medical Care ne suka yi masa rijista a karkashin sunayen kasuwanci Renepho (Belgium) da OsvaRen .
Colestilan: Colestilan magani ne wanda yake aiki azaman mai ɗauke da sinadarin phosphate da zafin bile acid. Yana da resin-musayar ion, shine maganin bile acid wanda ake magana da shi wanda Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation ke haɓaka don maganin hypercholesterolaemia da hyperphosphataemia. An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin Japan don hypercholesterolaemia. Don maganin hyperphosphataemia, an ƙaddamar da shi a Austria, Jamus, Czech Republic, Portugal da United Kingdom, an yi rajista a cikin EU. Ci gaban zamani na III a cikin marasa lafiyar yara tare da hyperphosphataemia da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan koda na ci gaba a cikin Burtaniya da Jamus. Koyaya, kamfanin ya dakatar da ci gaban. Bugu da kari, ci gaban zamani na II a cikin nau'ikan-2 na ciwon sikari da ci gaban lokaci na farko a cikin hyperphosphataemia, a Japan, kamfanin ya dakatar da shi.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Mesna: Mesna , ana siyar dashi ƙarƙashin sunan suna Mesnex da sauransu, magani ne da ake amfani da shi ga waɗanda ke shan cyclophosphamide ko ifosfamide don rage haɗarin zubar jini daga mafitsara. Ana amfani dashi ko ta baki ko allura a jijiya.
Dexrazoxane: Dexrazoxane hydrochloride wakili ne mai kare lafiyar zuciya. Eugene Herman ne ya gano shi a cikin 1972. Tsarin IV na dexrazoxane yana cikin yanayin mai guba tare da HCl yana daidaita pH.
Folinic acid: Folinic acid , wanda aka fi sani da leucovorin , magani ne da ake amfani da shi don rage tasirin mai guba na methotrexate da pyrimethamine. Hakanan ana amfani dashi tare da 5-fluorouracil don magance kansar maraji da kansar pancreatic, ana iya amfani dashi don magance ƙarancin abinci wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin jini, da guba na methanol. Ana ɗauke shi ta baki, allura a cikin jijiya, ko allura a jijiya.
Folinic acid: Folinic acid , wanda aka fi sani da leucovorin , magani ne da ake amfani da shi don rage tasirin mai guba na methotrexate da pyrimethamine. Hakanan ana amfani dashi tare da 5-fluorouracil don magance kansar maraji da kansar pancreatic, ana iya amfani dashi don magance ƙarancin abinci wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin jini, da guba na methanol. Ana ɗauke shi ta baki, allura a cikin jijiya, ko allura a jijiya.
Amifostine: Amifostine ( ethiofos ) adjuvant ne mai amfani da kwayar halitta wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin cutar sankara da kuma maganin rediyo wanda ya shafi jami'ai masu ɗauke da sinadarai na DNA. Ana sayar dashi ta byungiyar Clinigen ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Ethyol .
Folinic acid: Folinic acid , wanda aka fi sani da leucovorin , magani ne da ake amfani da shi don rage tasirin mai guba na methotrexate da pyrimethamine. Hakanan ana amfani dashi tare da 5-fluorouracil don magance kansar maraji da kansar pancreatic, ana iya amfani dashi don magance ƙarancin abinci wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin jini, da guba na methanol. Ana ɗauke shi ta baki, allura a cikin jijiya, ko allura a jijiya.
Rasburicase: Rasburicase magani ne wanda ke taimakawa tsarkake uric acid daga jini. Wannan sigar recombinant ce ta urate oxidase, enzyme wanda ke inganta uric acid zuwa allantoin. Urate oxidase sanannun ya kasance a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa amma baya faruwa a cikin mutane. Rasburicase ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar kwayar halittar Saccharomyces cerevisiae wanda aka canza shi bisa dabi'a . Cikakken lambar DNA (cDNA) don ƙididdigar rasburicase ya kasance daga kwayar cutar Aspergillus flavus .
Palifermin: Palifermin wani ɗan adam ne mai haɓaka keratinocyte girma factor (KGF) wanda aka samar a Escherichia coli . KGF yana ƙarfafa ci gaban ƙwayoyin da ke layin saman bakin da sashin hanji.
Glucarpidase: Glucarpidase ( Voraxaze ) magani ne mai yaduwa wanda FDA ta amince da shi don maganin matakan girma na methotrexate yayin maganin marasa lafiya masu fama da cutar kansa waɗanda suka sami aikin koda. Glucarpidase enzyme ne wanda ke kashe methotrexate cikin sauri bayan allura. Saboda wannan wakili yana rage matakan tsari na methotrexate kuma saboda haka yana iya tsoma baki tare da inganci, ba a ba da shawarar amfani da marasa lafiya tare da aikin koda ko na ɗan aiki kaɗan ko kuma a cikin wanda matakan jini yake daidai. Babban maganin guba na methotrexate overdoses kafin a yarda da wannan maganin shine yawan folinic acid. Koyaya, wannan wakili baya wadatarwa koyaushe don hana gazawar koda saboda methotrexate. Glucarpidase yana kaskantar da folinic acid don haka bai kamata a yi amfani da su biyun tare ba.
Folinic acid: Folinic acid , wanda aka fi sani da leucovorin , magani ne da ake amfani da shi don rage tasirin mai guba na methotrexate da pyrimethamine. Hakanan ana amfani dashi tare da 5-fluorouracil don magance kansar maraji da kansar pancreatic, ana iya amfani dashi don magance ƙarancin abinci wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin jini, da guba na methanol. Ana ɗauke shi ta baki, allura a cikin jijiya, ko allura a jijiya.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Sodium cellulose phosphate: Sodium cellulose phosphate magani ne da ake amfani dashi don magance hypercalcemia da hypercalciuria. An yi amfani dashi don hana duwatsun koda.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Diazoxide: Diazoxide , ana siyar dashi a ƙarƙashin sunan suna Proglycem da Balila (Indiya) , magani ne da ake amfani dashi don magance ƙananan sikari a cikin jini saboda wasu takamaiman sanadi. Wannan ya hada da cututtukan kwayar halitta wanda ba za a iya cire shi ba da kuma ilimin leucine. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin maganganun ƙin jini na sulfonylurea. Gabaɗaya ana ɗauka ta baki.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Oxygen: Oxygen shine sinadaran da ke dauke da alamar O da kuma atomic lamba 8. memba ne na kungiyar chalcogen a cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci, wanda ba shi da karfi sosai, kuma wakili ne wanda ke samar da sinadarin oxides wanda zai iya samar da sinadarin oxides cikin sauki tare da mafi yawan abubuwan da kuma wasu mahaukatan. Bayan hydrogen da helium, oxygen shine abu na uku mai tarin yawa a duniya ta hanyar taro. A misali zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba, biyu sunadaran kashi daura samar dioxygen, a colorless kuma odorless diatomic gas tare da dabara ya 2 . Gas na Diatomic oxygen a halin yanzu shine 20.95% na yanayin Duniya, kodayake wannan ya canza sosai a cikin dogon lokaci. Oxygen ya kai kusan rabin dunƙulen Earthasa a cikin hanyar oxides.
Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide gas ne mara launi mara kyau tare da ƙima kusan 53% sama da na busasshiyar iska. Carbon dioxide sunadaran sunadaran sunadarin carbon sun hada kai biyu hade da zafin oxygen biyu. Yana faruwa ne ta yanayi a cikin sararin samaniya azaman gas. Concentrationididdigar halin yanzu yana kusan 0.04% (412 ppm) ta ƙarar, tunda ya tashi daga matakan masana'antu kafin 280 ppm. Tushen halitta sun hada da dutsen mai fitad da wuta, maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi da gishiri, kuma an sami yanta shi daga duwatsun carbonate ta narkewar ruwa da acid. Saboda carbon dioxide yana narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ruwa, koguna da tabkuna, kankara, kankara da ruwan teku. Ya kasance a cikin ajiyar man fetur da iskar gas. Carbon dioxide yana da kaifi mai ƙanshi kuma yana haifar da ɗanɗanar ruwan soda a baki. Koyaya, a al'amuran da aka saba fuskanta a yau babu wari.
Helium: Helium ne da wani sinadari da alama Ya kuma atomic yawan 2. Yana da wani colorless, odorless, m, wadanda ba mai guba, inert, monatomic gas, na farko a cikin daraja gas kungiyar a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur. Matsayinta na tafasa shine mafi ƙarancin dukkanin abubuwa. Helium shine abu na biyu mafi sauki kuma na biyu a mafi yawan abubuwan da ake gani a duniya. Yana nan a kusan kashi 24% na jimillar kayan aiki, wanda ya ninka ninki duka na sau 12 na nauyin abubuwa masu nauyi. Yawansa yayi kama da wannan a Rana da Jupiter. Wannan ya faru ne saboda karfin makamashin nukiliya mai dauke da sinadarin helium-4, dangane da abubuwa uku masu zuwa bayan helium. Wannan sinadarin helium-4 mai dauke da makamashi shima yana dauke ne dalilin da yasa yake da sinadarin hadewar nukiliya da lalacewar rediyo. Mafi yawan sinadarin helium a sararin samaniya shine helium-4, mafi yawansu an kirkiresu ne a lokacin Babban Bang. Ana ƙirƙirar sabon sabbin sinadarin helium mai yawa ta haɗakar nukiliya da ke cikin taurari.
Nitrogen: Nitrogen shine sinadarin da ke da alamar N da kuma atomic lamba 7. Likitan Scotland Daniel Rutherford ne ya fara gano shi kuma ya keɓe shi a cikin 1772. Ko da yake Carl Wilhelm Scheele da Henry Cavendish sun yi hakan da kansu a kusan lokaci guda, ana ba Rutherford izuwa daraja saboda an buga aikinsa na farko. Sunan nitrogène ya samo asali ne daga wani masanin kimiyyar hada magunguna na Faransa Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal a shekara ta 1790 lokacin da aka gano cewa nitrogen yana cikin nitric acid da nitrates. Antoine Lavoisier ya ba da shawarar maimakon sunan azote , daga Tsohon Hellenanci: ἀζωτικός "babu rayuwa \", saboda yana da iskar shaƙwa; ana amfani da wannan sunan maimakon a cikin harsuna da yawa, kamar Faransanci, Italiyanci, Rashanci, Romania, Fotigal da Turkawa, kuma ya bayyana a cikin sunayen Ingilishi na wasu mahaɗan nitrogen kamar hydrazine, azides da azo mahadi.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Nalfurafine: Nalfurafine antipruritic ce wacce ake tallatawa a Japan don maganin uremic pruritus a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar koda da ke fama da cutar hemodialysis. Yana aiki azaman mai ƙarfi, mai zaɓaɓɓe, mai raɗaɗɗen κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, kuma shine na farko kuma a halin yanzu shine kawai zaɓaɓɓen mai tsaran KOR da aka yarda dashi don amfani da asibiti. An kuma kira shi dubiously a matsayin "magani na farko mai narcotic opioid \" a cikin tarihi.
Cobicistat: Cobicistat , da aka siyar a karkashin sunan suna Tybost , magani ne don amfani dashi don magance kwayar cutar kanjamau (HIV / AIDS). Babban aikinta shine ta hanyar hana dan adam CYP3A sunadarai.
ATC code V03: Lambar ATC V03 Duk sauran kayan aikin warkewa ƙungiya ce ta warkewa ta Tsarin ificationa'idar Kimiyyar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin baƙaƙe wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V03 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Ethanol: Ethanol (wanda ake kira da ethyl alcohol , hatsin giya , shan giya , ko kuma kawai giya ) wani sinadari ne mai hada sinadarai. Shaye-shaye ne mai sauƙi tare da tsarin sunadarai C 2 H 6 O. Hakanan za'a iya rubuta shi a matsayin CH 3 - CH 2 - OH ko C 2 H 5 OH (ƙungiyar ethyl da ke da alaƙa da rukunin hydroxyl), kuma galibi ana taƙaita shi da EtOH . Ethanol mai ruwa ne mai canzawa, mai saurin kunnawa, mara launi tare da ƙarancin ƙanshi. Magungunan ƙwayoyi ne na psychoactive, magungunan nishaɗi, da kuma sashi mai aiki a cikin abubuwan shan giya.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Tolbutamide: Tolbutamide shine mai toshe hanyar tashar potassium na ƙarni na farko, sulfonylurea maganin hypoglycemic na baka. Ana iya amfani da wannan maganin a cikin gudanar da cutar ciwon sikari ta biyu idan cin abinci shi kaɗai baya tasiri. Tolbutamide yana motsa kwayar insulin ta hanyar pancreas.
Glucose: Glucose shine sukari mai sauƙi tare da tsarin kwayar C 6 H 12 O 6 . Glucose shine mafi yawan monosaccharide, karamin yanki na carbohydrates. Glucose galibi ana yin sa ne ta hanyar tsire-tsire da mafi yawan algae a lokacin daukar hoto daga ruwa da carbon dioxide, ta amfani da makamashi daga hasken rana, inda ake amfani da shi don yin cellulose a cikin bangon tantanin halitta, mafi yawan carbohydrate a duniya. A cikin kuzarin kuzari, glucose shine mafi mahimmancin tushen makamashi a cikin dukkan kwayoyin halitta. Glucose don metabolism ana adana shi azaman polymer, a cikin shuke-shuke galibi kamar sitaci da amylopectin, da kuma dabbobi kamar glycogen. Glucose yana zagayawa a cikin jinin dabbobi kamar zafin jini. Yanayin glucose na ɗabi'a shine d -glucose, yayin da l -glucose ake haɓaka cikin haɗari a ƙananan ƙananan kuma yana da ƙarancin mahimmanci. Glucose shine monosaccharide wanda ke dauke da atoms shida na carbon da kungiyar aldehyde, saboda haka aldohexose ne. Kwayar glucose na iya wanzu a cikin sarkar bude (acyclic) da kuma zobe (cyclic). Glucose yana faruwa ne a dabi'ance kuma ana samun sa a cikin fruitsa fruitsan itace da sauran sassan shuke-shuke a cikin yanayinshi. A cikin dabbobi, ana sakin glucose daga lalacewar glycogen a cikin wani tsari da aka sani da glycogenolysis.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Sorbitol: Sorbitol , wanda ba a san shi da yawa kamar glucitol , giya ne mai sikari tare da ɗanɗano mai daɗi wanda jikin mutum yake narkewa a hankali. Ana iya samun sa ta rage glucose, wanda ke canza ƙungiyar aldehyde (convertedCHO) zuwa rukunin giya na farko (−CH 2 OH). Yawancin sorbitol ana yinsa ne daga sitaci dankalin turawa, amma kuma ana samunta a yanayi, misali a cikin apples, pears, peach, and prunes. An canza shi zuwa fructose ta sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol isomer ne na mannitol, wani giya mai sukari; su biyun sun banbanta ne kawai a cikin tsarin rukunin hydroxyl akan carbon 2. Duk da yake suna da kama, giya biyun da ke shan giya suna da tushe iri-iri a yanayi, wuraren narkewa, da amfani.
Magnesium sulfate: Magnesium sulfate ko magnesium sulphate wani sinadari ne, gishiri tare da dabara MgSO 4 , wanda ya kunshi magnesium cations Mg 2+ da sulfate anions SO 2− 4 . Farin farin dutse ne, mai narkewa cikin ruwa amma ba cikin ethanol ba.
Sincalide: Sincalide (INN) magani ne na cholecystokinetic wanda ake amfani da shi ta hanyar allura don taimakawa cikin gano cututtukan cikin gallbladder da pancreas. Shine kashi 8-amino acid C-terminal na cholecystokinin, kuma ana kiransa CCK-8 .
Ceruletide: Ceruletide (INN), wanda aka fi sani da cerulein ko caerulein , amino acid goma oligopeptide ne wanda ke motsa tsoka mai santsi da ƙara narkewar narkewar abinci. Ceruletide yayi kama da aiki da abun kamawa zuwa cholecystokinin. Yana kara kuzari na ciki, biliary, da pancreatic. da kuma wata tsoka mai santsi. Ana amfani dashi a cikin inus na shanyayyen jiki da kuma azaman taimakon bincike a cikin matsalar rashin aiki. Ana amfani dashi don haifar da pancreatitis a cikin tsarin dabbobin gwaji.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Metyrapone: Metyrapone , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Metopirone , magani ne wanda ake amfani dashi wajen gano rashin ƙarancin adrenal da kuma lokaci-lokaci wajen maganin Ciwon Cushing (hypercortisolism).
Sermorelin: Sermorelin acetate , wanda aka fi sani da GHRH (1-29) , anapeptide analog ne na haɓakar haɓakar hormone (GHRH) wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman wakilin bincike don tantance ɓullar haɓakar haɓakar hormone (GH) don manufar gano ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar girma. Yana da 29-amino acid polypeptide wanda yake wakiltar guntun 1-29 daga GHRH na ɗan adam, wanda ake tsammanin shine mafi guntu mafi cikakken aikin GHRH.
Corticorelin: Corticorelin wakilin bincike ne. Yana da nau'i na roba na haɓakar haɓakar mutum (hCRH).
Somatorelin: Somatorelin wakili ne na bincike don ƙayyade rashi girma na hormone. Sigogi ne na sake fasalin haɓakar haɓakar hormone (GHRH).
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Galactose: Galactose wani lokacin gajartarsa Gal , shine sukarin monosaccharide wanda yake da zaki kamar glucose, kuma kusan 65% yana da zaki kamar sucrose. Aldohexose ne kuma asalin C-4 na glucose. Wani galactose molecule wanda ke hade da kwayar glucose ta samar da lactose molecule.
Bromsulfthalein: Bromsulfthalein fye ne na phthalein da ake amfani dashi a gwaje-gwajen aikin hanta. Tabbatar da adadin cirewar fenti daga rafin jini yana ba da gwargwadon aikin hanta.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Tuberculin: Tuberculin , wanda aka fi sani da tsarkakakken haɓakar furotin , haɗuwa ce ta sunadarai waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen gano tarin fuka. Ana kiran wannan amfani azaman gwajin fatar tarin fuka kuma ana bada shawara ne kawai ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗari mai girma. Gudanarwar gudanarwa na gwajin fata yana buƙatar ɗimbin horo, kulawa, da aiki. Allura ake yi a cikin fata. Bayan awanni 48 zuwa 72, idan akwai fiye da milimita biyar zuwa goma na kumburi, gwajin yana da kyau.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Ion-exchange resin: Ion-exchange resin ko ion-musayar polymer resin ne ko polymer wanda ke aiki azaman matsakaici don musayar ion. Matsi ne mara narkewa kwata-kwata a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin microbeads, yawanci fari ko rawaya, wanda aka ƙirƙira shi daga ƙwayoyin polymer. Beads yawanci suna da kyau, suna ba da babban yanki a ciki kuma a ciki tarkon ion yana faruwa tare da rakiyar sakin wasu ions, don haka ana kiran aiwatar da musayar ion. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan ion-musayar ion. Yawancin resins na kasuwanci ana yin su ne daga polystyrene sulfonate.
Betazole: Betazole (wanda aka fi sani da ametazole ) shine agonist mai karɓa na Hamine H 2 . Betazole hydrochloride an san shi da gastramine da littafin tarihi .
Histamine: Tarihin shine kwayar halittar nitrogenous da ke cikin maganganun rigakafi na cikin gida, da kuma daidaita aikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a cikin hanji da kuma yin aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kwayar cutar ga kwakwalwa, lakar kashin baya, da mahaifa. Tarihin yana da hannu cikin amsawar mai kumburi kuma yana da matsakaiciyar matsayi azaman matsakanci na itching. A matsayin wani ɓangare na amsawar rigakafi ga cututtukan ƙasashen waje, ana haifar da histamine ta hanyar basophils da kuma ƙwayoyin mast da ke cikin ƙwayoyin haɗin kai na kusa. Tarihin yana kara karfin yaduwar kwayoyin halitta zuwa kwayoyin farin jini da wasu sunadarai, don basu damar shiga cikin cututtukan cikin kwayoyin cuta. Ya ƙunshi zoben imidazole wanda aka haɗe a sarkar ethylamine; a karkashin yanayin kimiyyar lissafi, amino group na sarkar sashin layi yana tallatawa.
Pentagastrin: Pentagastrin shine polypeptide na roba wanda ke da tasiri kamar gastrin lokacin da aka bashi iyaye. Yana motsa ƙwayar acid, gastric, da intrinsic factor, kuma an yi amfani dashi azaman taimakon bincike azaman gwajin palsagastrin mai motsa calcitonin.
Methylene blue: Methylene blue , wanda aka fi sani da methylthioninium chloride , gishiri ne da ake amfani da shi azaman magani da fenti. A matsayin magani, yawanci ana amfani dashi don magance methemoglobinemia. Musamman, ana amfani dashi don magance matakan methemoglobin waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da 30% ko kuma a cikin wane akwai alamun cututtuka duk da maganin oxygen. A baya anyi amfani dashi don cutar cyanide da cututtukan urinary, amma ba a ƙara ba da shawarar wannan amfani ba. Yawanci ana bayar dashi ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiya.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Indigo carmine: Indigo carmine , ko 5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt , gishiri ne wanda ake samu daga indigo ta hanyar sinadarin sulfonation, wanda yake sanya mahaɗan narkewa cikin ruwa. An yarda dashi don amfani dashi azaman canza launin mai abinci a Amurka da EU Yana da lambar E E22 . Hakanan alama ce ta pH.
Phenol red: Phenol ja alama ce ta pH da ake amfani da ita akai-akai a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ilmin halitta.
Alsactide: Alsactide (INN) (sunan mai suna Synchrodyn 1-17 ko kuma kawai Synchrodyn , tsohon sunan haɓaka ci gaba mai suna Hoechst 433 ), wanda aka fi sani da alisactide , peptide ne na roba kuma analog ɗin adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) wanda ake amfani da shi a Italiya a matsayin wakilin bincike a cikin aikin koda don rashin isa adrenal. Kamar ACTH, ana tunanin alsactide yayi aiki azaman azababben mai azabar masu karɓar melanocortin, gami da mai karɓar ACTH (MC 2 R). Koyaya, yana bayyana don nuna wani bayanin daban na zaɓin mai karɓa dangane da ACTH, saboda a bayyane ya nuna babu wata hujja game da hana ƙwayar cuta ta ƙarshe a cikin marasa lafiyar cutar Addison.
Aminohippuric acid: Aminohippuric acid ko para -aminohippuric acid ( PAH ), wanda aka samu daga sinadarin hippuric acid, wakili ne na bincike wanda yake da amfani a gwaje-gwajen likitanci wanda ya shafi koda da aka yi amfani da shi wajen auna ƙwayar jini. Amid acid ne wanda yake amino acid glycine da para -aminobenzoic acid wanda baya samunsu awajan mutane. yana buƙatar zama huɗu na IV kafin amfani da bincike.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Thyroid-stimulating hormone: Hormone-stimulating hormone (wanda aka fi sani da thyrotropin , thyrotropic hormone , ko kuma an taƙaice TSH ) shine kwayar cutar pituitary wacce ke motsa glandar thyroid don samar da thyroxine (T 4 ), sannan kuma triiodothyronine (T 3 ) wanda ke motsa kumburin kusan duk kayan da ke ciki jiki. Yana da glycoprotein hormone da aka samar ta ƙwayoyin thyrotrope a cikin gland pituitary gland, wanda ke tsara aikin endocrin na thyroid.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH ) shine hormone hypophysiotropic wanda aka samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hypothalamus wanda ke motsa sakin homonin mai motsa jiki (TSH) da prolactin daga pituitary na baya.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Secretin: Sirrin wani sinadari ne mai sarrafa ruwan gida a cikin jiki kuma yana shafar yanayin duodenum ta hanyar sarrafa abubuwan ɓoye a cikin ciki, pancreas, da hanta. Yana da peptide hormone wanda aka samar a cikin ƙwayoyin S na duodenum, waɗanda ke cikin glandon hanji. A cikin mutane, peptide na ɓoye an sanya shi ta ƙirar SCT.
Cholecystokinin: Cholecystokinin shine peptide hormone na tsarin ciki wanda ke da alhakin motsa narkewar mai da furotin. Cholecystokinin, wanda a hukumance ake kira pancreozymin , ana haɗa shi kuma ana ɓoye shi ta ƙwayoyin enteroendocrine a cikin duodenum, ɓangaren farko na ƙananan hanji. Kasancewarsa yana haifar da sakin enzymes na narkewa da bile daga pancreas da gallbladder, bi da bi, kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai hana yunwa.
Bentiromide: Bentiromide shine peptide da aka yi amfani dashi azaman gwajin nunawa don ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta da kuma saka idanu kan dacewar ƙarin maganin ƙoshin mara. Bentiromide baya samuwa a Amurka ko Kanada; an cire shi a cikin Amurka a watan Oktoba 1996.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Gonadorelin: Gonadorelin shine agonist mai sakin gonadotropin wanda ake amfani dashi a maganin haihuwa da kuma magance amenorrhea da hypogonadism. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a maganin dabbobi. Magungunan nau'i ne na GnRH mai haɗari kuma yayi kama da shi a cikin tsarin sunadarai. Ana bayar da shi ta hanyar allura a cikin jijiyoyin jini ko kitse ko a matsayin fesa hanci.
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
ATC code V04: Lambobin ATC V04 Masu binciken cuta rukuni ne mai ba da magani na Tsarin Chemicalididdigar Magungunan Anatomical, tsarin lambobin lambobi waɗanda Healthungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta tsara don rarraba magunguna da sauran kayan aikin likita. Gungiyoyin V04 ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar anatomical V Various .
Lobeline: Lobeline alkaloid ne na pyridine da aka samo a cikin tsire-tsire iri-iri, musamman waɗanda ke cikin jinsin halittar Lobelia , ciki har da taba Indiya, sigarin Iblis, babban lobelia, Lobelia chinensis , da Hippobroma longiflora . A cikin tsarkakakkiyar sigarsa, farin fure ne wanda yake narkewa cikin ruwa.